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Panoramic view of the gymnasium from the north and south sides |
The 29th Olympic Games official website December 3rd Recently, a beautiful "China Ridge" building was completed on the campus of Peking University, west of Zhongguancun North Street and south of Pacific Tower, which is the first table tennis stadium in the Olympic history and the world.
"Ping-Pong Diplomacy" ball rotates the earth, and "China fever" and "Ping-Pong fever" blow up in the United States.
Speaking of table tennis, Chinese people are no strangers to it.
On January 29th, 1971, Premier Zhou Enlai met with the leaders of the State Sports Commission (the predecessor of the State Sports General Administration) and gave important instructions on China’s participation in the 31st World Table Tennis Championships. At that time, Japanese friends, represented by Fujikura, hoped that China could re-participate in the World Table Tennis Championships after a lapse of four years, while China was in the turbulent era of the Cultural Revolution. Whether to participate in the World Table Tennis Championships or not could only be decided by the country’s top leaders. Under the international situation at that time, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai hoped to open up the diplomatic situation and decided to participate in the 31st World Table Tennis Championships for China, so they performed a wonderful swan song in the history of international relations.
As a result, the small table tennis not only made China athletes reappear in the world sports four years later, but also promoted the improvement of the relationship between China and the United States as a medium, which fundamentally changed the world pattern during the Cold War-the ball turned the earth.
On April 18th, 1972, US President Nixon received the visiting China table tennis team at the White House.
China’s table tennis team’s visit to the United States is a return visit to the United States in 1971. The host gave China guests unprecedented high-standard treatment: President Nixon met all the members at the White House; China team was invited to the United Nations Headquarters for competitions and performances; "China fever" and "table tennis fever" have arisen among the American people. From the 31st World Table Tennis Championships, "Ping Pong Diplomacy" reached its climax.
Here is a little story: an American athlete accidentally boarded a van specially arranged by the organizing committee of the World Table Tennis Championships for the China team (such vehicles have the same appearance, so they got on the wrong bus), and got a gift from Zhuang Zedong. The scene where they appeared together in the car door was hyped by sensitive foreign journalists, and a series of subsequent events began.
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Viewing the roof of the gymnasium from the interior |
The Olympic table tennis tournament has been held for five sessions, and each session has been "cohabited in one room" with other events.
When it comes to table tennis, everyone familiar with the Olympic Games will not be unfamiliar with it.
On June 23rd, 1894, when French Duke Pierre de Coubertin and 79 representatives from 12 countries decided to establish the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to create the modern Olympic movement, this feat was once the object of ridicule.
From April 6 to 15, 1896, the first modern Olympic Games, after experiencing many difficulties, rekindled the Olympic flame in Greece, the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games. A total of 311 male athletes from host Greece and Australia, Britain, Hungary, Germany, the United States, Sweden and other 13 countries participated in track and field, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, cycling, tennis, gymnastics, fencing, greco-Roman wrestling and so on.
It was this Olympic Games that ushered in a new era of modern Olympic movement.
But it was not until 1988 that table tennis first appeared as a formal event in the 24th Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea. As the capital of South Korea, Seoul is a modern city with obvious contrast, and many historical and cultural heritages have been preserved. The towering skyscrapers and antique traditional tile eaves set each other off.
Before the construction of venues and facilities for the 10th Asian Games began, Seoul had been selected as the host city for the 24th Olympic Games. Therefore, in the planning stage of the venue construction of the Asian Games, the issue of how to make full use of its facilities for the Olympic Games after the Asian Games in Seoul was considered to avoid repeated construction.
In December, 1986, the Seoul Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games determined the overall plan for the construction of Olympic venues, including 34 competition venues and 72 training venues. According to the plan, 21 existing venues and facilities will be used as competition venues for the Olympic Games, and 13 others will be newly built. The 72 training venues are also converted from existing facilities.
Seoul Comprehensive Sports Center is located in the sericulture area in the southeast of Seoul, about 13 kilometers away from the city center, covering an area of 591,000 square meters. It includes five international standard stadiums: Olympic Stadium, Sericulture Gymnasium, Sericulture Swimming Pool, Sericulture Student Sports Ground and Sericulture Baseball Field.
The first Olympic table tennis competition was held in one of them, the Silkworm Room Stadium. The Silkworm Room Stadium is divided into the ground floor and the ground floor, with a building area of 25,800 square meters, which can accommodate 20,000 spectators. In addition to table tennis, Olympic basketball, volleyball, handball, boxing and wrestling are also held here.
Since the Seoul Olympic Games in 1988, although table tennis competitions have been held for five consecutive Olympic Games, just like the Seoul Olympic Games, the organizers of the other four Olympic Games have arranged table tennis competitions and other "brother" events in the same venue.
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Viewing Peking University Gymnasium from the Northeast Corner |
The "China Ridge", the first table tennis hall completed and flying, entered the century-old Olympic building.
Now, the table tennis venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games-Peking University Gymnasium has been completed. This is not only the first Olympic table tennis hall in Olympic history, but also the first dedicated table tennis hall in the world.
The project has a building area of 26,900 square meters, with a length of 122.6 meters from north to south and a width of 87.7 meters from east to west. It consists of a table tennis hall and a swimming pool. The table tennis court is located on the first floor, with a length of 47 meters and a width of 39.5 meters. Eight table tennis tables can be arranged for the game. After the movable seat is put in, the stadium is transformed into a length of 27 meters and a width of 20 meters, and two table tennis tables can be arranged for the final. A total of 7,557 fixed and movable seats can be provided during the competition.
From December 13th to 19th, 2007, the final of ITTF Professional Tour 2007 will be held here. From August 8th to 20th, 2008, the table tennis preliminaries of the Olympic Games will be held, and from September 9th to 17th, 2008, the table tennis preliminaries of the Paralympic Games will also be held here.
After the Olympic Games, the Gymnasium of Peking University will be transformed into Peking University Comprehensive Gymnasium, which can hold table tennis, handball, basketball, badminton, volleyball, indoor football, gymnastics competitions and professional training, students going to physical education class, gatherings and cultural performances.
Flying "China Ridge" Dynamic Table Tennis Modeling
Standing on the flat ground and looking up at Peking University Gymnasium, the traditional shape "China Ridge" stretches its wings, which is inherited from the century-old Yanyuan building. The facade is a concrete slab standing in a frame shape, with elegant and generous design; If you look down, you will find another world on the roof: the transparent sphere protruding from the center is matched with two rotating roofs, and the dynamic table tennis is ready to come out.
The roof of Peking University Gymnasium is a chord-supported reticulated shell steel structure with a span of 64 meters. The roof structure consists of seven parts: lower rigid ring, central rigid ring, central spherical shell, radiation truss, horizontal and vertical support system, cornice support system and cable support system. The roof is hyperboloid, and the structural system is relatively complicated in all Olympic venues.
The roof of Peking University Gymnasium is called "China Ridge" because it uses two spiral curved surfaces on the metal roof as the shape, which is in the same ridge with the nation, Peking University, the national ball and the building. The glass ball in the center and the openable window on the roof ensure indoor natural lighting and good natural ventilation, which can meet the needs of school training.
The speed, strength and rotation required by table tennis are all fully interpreted in the dynamic table tennis modeling that comes to the fore. The architectural design of the gymnasium is named "China Ridge", which means the ridge of the nation, the ridge of Peking University, the ridge of the national ball and the ridge of the building.
The concept of high-tech Olympic Games is integrated into the traditional "China Ridge"
Peking University Gymnasium is called "Olympic stadium with high technology content" by architects, and the lighting control of the main stadium, warm-up field and swimming pool of Peking University Table Tennis Hall adopts distributed intelligent lighting. The indoor integrated automation system of power transformation and distribution will be connected with the BA system of gymnasium, and the main line switches and transformers can realize long-distance real-time telemetry, remote communication, remote adjustment and remote control.
The steel structure consists of seven parts, such as prestressed cable support system, horizontal and vertical support system, which hold up the "table tennis" with pulling and pulling. For this special steel structure system, there are many technical problems in welding seam, aerial docking, prestressed tensioning of truss steel cables and so on. After the previous demonstration and experiment, the safe and efficient high-altitude fragmentation technology was adopted in the construction process, and the construction project was monitored, which provided a guarantee for the construction safety and the construction of the main structure by using scientific data.
The heating of about 3,000 square meters of media and logistics rooms on the first floor of the gymnasium will be provided by ground heat pump. The system is equipped with two sets of ground heat source heat pump systems through vertical underground pipes arranged in parallel, and uses soil energy to provide heating and cooling for buildings, with a cooling capacity of 31OKW and a heating capacity of 493KW.
Solar photothermal technology can also provide sufficient heat for the swimming pool in the museum. The heat collection area of the system can reach 300 square meters, saving 240,000 KW of electricity every year.
Siphon drainage, lighting, intelligent control system … You can see the flash of science and technology in every detail in the gymnasium.
Protect antique "Zhibeizi Garden" and ancient trees
Peking University Gymnasium is located on the east side of the campus, avoiding Zhibeizi Garden and ancient trees, and the north and south sides are evacuation sites for spectators. The overall layout of the building retreats to the east, forming a continuous landscape of the western Zhibeizi Garden, ancient trees and newly-built courtyards, and providing users with suitable external activity space to guide fresh and different experiences with diverse spatial feelings and landscape changes. Thus, it is in harmony with the quiet and elegant architectural garden style formed by the profound historical deposition of Peking University.
At the beginning of the construction, there was a group of quadrangle protection buildings on the west side of the stadium-Zhibeizi Garden, which was built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. On the south side of the garden, there were six listed and protected ancient trees (Pinus massoniana, Pinus bungeana, Platycladus orientalis, Sophora japonica, etc.) with different tree species and good posture. In order to protect the cultural relics, the overall layout of the stadium retreated to the east, avoiding the cultural relics and ancient trees, and the pre-buried pipelines encountered in the underground "moved" with the venue, thus forming a continuous landscape of Zhibeizi Garden, ancient trees and new courtyards in the west. As a result, the north and south sides of the gymnasium are set up as audience evacuation sites, which are in harmony with the quiet and elegant architectural garden style formed by the historical deposition of Peking University for more than 370 years.
Displacement ventilation of auditorium
Peking University Gymnasium is the first specialized gymnasium specially built for table tennis competition in the world. The background in the table tennis competition venue is as dark as possible to ensure that athletes are not affected by the environment during the competition; The wind speed of ventilation and air conditioning should not exceed 0.2 m/s, and there should be no glare in lighting, which was first reflected in Peking University Gymnasium.
The gymnasium of Peking University has a beautiful and unique architectural shape, which is unique against the Zhibeizi Garden and ancient trees on the west side. The glass spherical shell and two rotating roofs in the center of the roof look like spinning table tennis from the air, which implies the use function of Peking University Gymnasium for Olympic Games. The roof of Peking University Gymnasium is made of metal, with two layers of waterproof and thermal insulation, and rain-proof and noise-reducing treatment. The ground of the stadium is a double-deck overhead sports floor, specially imported from the United States, and the wall is a wooden sound-absorbing board, which has good sound effect.
The auditorium of the gymnasium adopts displacement ventilation mode, and the wind speed at the tuyere is less than 0.5 m/s, which forms the effect of displacement ventilation at the seat, and reduces the cold and heat load of air conditioning in the auditorium as much as possible under the condition of satisfying the thermal comfort of the auditorium. The main table tennis court area adopts the air conditioning system with side-to-side feedback on both sides of the court, and the wind speed of the air supply outlet is 3 m/s, which meets the requirement that the air conditioning wind speed in the middle area of the court is less than 0.2 m/s and ensures the temperature and humidity requirements in the court area.
In August, 2008, when the lilacs in Yanyuan once again reveal their fragrance, the China Ridge of Peking University Gymnasium will usher in the centennial Olympic event-Olympic table tennis match. The gymnasium will not only provide excellent competition environment for athletes and other officials, but also set off the "China fever" and "table tennis fever" again.
Editor: Xu Guimei